aqua: Distilled water

willow herb extract: The main bioactive molecule found in Canadian willow herb extract is oenothein-B. This molecule has been patented for its wide ranging bioactivity including anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-hyperandrogenic applications and also has demonstrated free radical scavenging ability. It has been shown that the extract kills Propionibacterium acne, the bacterium associated with acne.

vegetable glycerine: A humectant and emollient from plants. It absorbs moisture from the air, and helps keep moisture in creams and other products.

licorice root extract: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, skin lightener.

arnica extract: Obtained from roots and flowers of Arnica Montana, this healing extract contains, among many other components, dihydrohelenalin (analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic), faradiol (antiedemic anti-inflammatory), helenalin (analgesic antibacterial antiedemic).

blue algae extract: A rich source of Vitamin E, zinc, iron and copper, with soothing effects on the skin.

gotu kola extract: AKA hydrocotyl or Indian pennywort, also called the "longevity plant" due to its ability to speed cellular renewal. From India.

azelaic acid: Pigment emulsifier (skin lightening), inhibits tyrosinase activity. Exfoliant and pH adjustor. From Oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) found in milk fats.

zinc: A mineral with antioxidant properties and an essential nutrient involved in the healing process.

spin trap (PBN): Very powerful antioxidant. Instead of destroying the free radical, it traps it , then exports it into the respiratory cycle where it is utilized in tissue respiration. From the nitrogen of plant roots.

folic acid: Folic acid is a vitamin (group B) because it is required for human metabolism but it cannot be synthesized. Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis. Folic acid works synergistically with B-12.

vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin): B-12 is important to the production of DNA, which is important for the health of skin, hair, and other cells. B-12 works synergistically with folic acid.

D-alpha tocopherol (Vitamin E): A powerful antioxidant.

white willow bark extract: Anti-inflammatory, pain reliever.

chamomile extract: Soothing, restorative, hydrating.

totarol: An extract of the New Zealand Totara tree with potent anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. Propionibacterium acne, the bacterium involved in acne, is particularly sensitive to this extract. Totarol is effective in the treatment of acne and rosacea.

blue chamomile essential oil: Blue chamomile contains a high amount of azulene. This blue pigment (Azulene) is a powerful healer and is very soothing to the skin.

xanthan gum: AKA cornstarch gum. Serves as a texturizer, carrier agent, and gelling agent. Also stabilizes and thickens formulations.

jasmine alcohol: Preservative, anti-bacterial.