hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) water: Derived from the Hamamelis Virginia, AKA Witch Hazel tree. Its properties include antihistaminic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial.

aqua (water): Distilled water; the water is boiled and vapor is condensed resulting in pure H2O.

glycerin: Derived from vegetable source, its clear, odorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste acts as an emollient and lubricant. It also can be humectant and draw water moisture from the air to the skin; however large quantities in a product can have dehydrating effects.

chondrus crispus (carrageenan): A marine saccharide helps to detoxify and tonify; used in anti-cellulite products.

glucose: Glucose is produced commercially via the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. The cell uses it as energy and metabolic intermediate. Glucose is critical in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.

pyrus malus (green apple) fruit: Pyrus Malus extract contains ursolic acid and quercetin that are the anti-inflammatory agents, it inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators and helps to prevent the appearance of wrinkles and restore a youthful appearance to the skin. The pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolites help to combat age-related changes produced by the enzyme elastase, which degrades elastin, caused by the natural

caprylic/capric triglyceride: Emollient, has good spreading properties, promotes penetration and pigment dispersions. From coconut.

diacetyl boldine: Extracted from the bark of the Chilean Boldo tree. Acts as a skin lightener, Diacetyl Boldine (DBA) works not by directly inhibiting tyrosinase, but by stabilizing in its inactive form.

pyrus malus (green apple) fruit extract (Applephenon): Controls melanin formation, antioxidant.

l-arbutin: L-arbutin is a naturally occurring form of hydroquinone that is derived from Bearberry extract, AKA as Uva Ursi.

azelaic acid: Pigment emulsifier (skin lightening), inhibits tyrosinase activity. Exfoliant and pH adjustor. From Oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) found in milk fats.or potatoes.

citrus medica limonum (lemon) peel extract: Liposome encapsulated citrus bioflavonoids provide hisperidine, eriodictyol and naringenin, that inhibit tyrosinase activity and pigmentation formation.

euterpe oleracea (acai) fruit extract: Amazonian fruit with powerful antioxidant properties; twenty times more powerful than antioxidant activity found in red wine.

gallic acid: Abundantly present in the leaves of witch hazel, the flower of mango, the fruit of emblica or alma, pomegranate, gall oak, rhubarb, soybean, sumac tea leaves and oak bark. Gallic acid has antibacterial and antiviral activities and is a cancer preventative. A skin lightener it inhibits tyrosinase, decreasing melanin synthesis.

niacinamide: Vitamin B-3; more water-soluble form. Topical application of niacinamide will decrease pruritus and inflammation, help acne affected skin, decrease oiliness, alleviate atopic dermatitis, decrease UV- induced skin cancers and help decrease facial pigmentation.

l-malic acid: L-malic acid is an AHA, derived from apples and grapes. It enhances desquamation of the stratum corneum and improves the appearance of the skin.

resveratrol: Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that is an antibiotic produced by plant’s defense system in response to environmental, insect or animal stress. Red grape skins, pine nuts, and the root of polygonum cuspidatum are exceptional sources. Properties include: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, stimulates cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis, inhibits proteases; and blocks the deleterious effects from UV_B radiation.

azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract: Healing and anti-inflammatory properties.

aminobutyric acid (GABA): Smooths fine lines and wrinkles. Amino acid.

xanthan gum: Derived from corn sugar, it is used in cosmetic formulas as a thickening agent; very little is needed to be effective.